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Dua to recite when commencing the journey.

Dua` to be recited when mounting or boarding the means of transport

Dua` to be recited when entering a new town, city or village.

Dua` to be recited when dismounted or disembarking.

Dua` to be recited on a return journey

Dua` to be recited when travelling by ship

OTHER RECOMMENDED ACTS

Imam Ja`ffer as-Sadiq (a.s.) has said:“Whoever recites QulHuwallahu Ahad (sura Tawheed or al-Ikhlaas) ten times when leaving his house, he will remain in the protection of the Al-Mighty Allah and His angles until he returns to his house”.Ref: (Makarimul Akhlaaq)

“The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) in his journey use to praise Allah (s.w.t.) by saying SUBHAAN ALLAH when dismounting and ALLAHU AKBER when mounting”.

Some scholars also emphasize the recitation of Tasbeeh of Sayyidah Fatima (a.s.) daughter of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.).The Tasbeeh is recited in the following manner:34 times Allahu Akber 33 times Alhumdu Lillah and 33 times Subhan Allah.

When you decide to go on a journey, you are advised to observe fasting on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, and to begin your journey on Saturday, Tuesday, or Thursday. Avoid traveling on Mondays, Wednesdays, and before noon on Fridays. Also, avoid traveling on the third, fifth, thirteenth, sixteenth,^([1]) twenty-first, twenty-fourth, and twenty-fifth of each month. Avoid traveling when the moon wanes and when it is in Scorpion. When one has to travel on such days and conditions, it is necessary to say the h prayers of travel and to give alms. It is narrated that one of the companions of Imam al-Baqir (‘a) visited him to bid him farewell, for he would go on a journey. Advising him, the Imam (‘a) said, “When he would travel for settling his affairs, my father, `Ale ibn al-°usayn (‘a), used to buy his safety from Almighty Allah with any possible amount of alms. He used to give alms when he put his leg on the stirrup of his riding animal. When he returned from a journey peacefully, he would praise and thank Almighty Allah by means of giving alms.” Unfortunately, the man violated the advice of Imam al-Baqir (‘a); therefore, he died during the journey. When he was informed about this, Imam al-Baqir (‘a) said, “Had he accepted the advice, he would have been saved.”

Before beginning a journey, you are required to bathe yourself, gather your family members, offer a two unit prayer, pray Almighty Allah for your good, praise and thank Him, invoke His blessings upon the Holy Prophet and his Household, and say the following:

You may then bid your family members farewell and stand up. At the door of your house, you may say the (famous) Tasbeh al-Zahra' litany and recite Surah al-Fatihah and ªyah al-Kurse in front of you, on your right side, and on your left side. You may then say this prayer:

You may then recite Surah al-Tawhed eleven times, Surah al-Qadr,ªyah al-Kurse, Surah al-Falaq, and Surah al-Nas, and then pass your hand over your entire body, give alms as much as possible, and say the following:

You may also take with you an almond stick. The Holy Prophet (¥) is reported to have said: Whoever goes on a journey, takes with him an almond stick, and recites the following verses, Almighty Allah will secure him from all beasts, all thieves, and all diseases until he returns home. He will be also accompanied by seventy-seven successive angels asking Almighty Allah to forgive him. These verses are as follows:

It is also recommended that you, at journeys, put a turban and roll it to the lower jaw so as to escape stealth, drowning, and burning. You may also take an amount of the soil of Imam al-Husayn’s tomb (turbat al-husayn) with you, saying:

Imam al-¯adiq (‘a) is reported as saying: If one recites ªyah al-Kurse every night during journey, he, as well as whatever is with him, will be in safety. One may add the following h prayer:

Imam Zayn al-`Abiden (‘a) is reported to have said: When I say the following words, I do not care even if both men and jinn help each other against me:

Confidential Prayer for Help in Travel by Imam Al Taqi(as)

The genre of travel literature encompasses outdoor literature, guide books, nature writing, and travel memoirs.^[1]

One early travel memoirist in Western literature was Pausanias, a Greek geographer of the 2nd century AD. In the early modern period, James Boswell's Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides (1786) helped shape travel memoir as a genre.

History[edit]

Early examples of travel literature include Pausanias' Description of Greece in the 2nd century CE, the Journey Through Wales (1191) and Description of Wales (1194) by Gerald of Wales, and the travel journals of Ibn Jubayr (1145–1214) and Ibn Battuta (1304–1377), both of whom recorded their travels across the known world in detail. The travel genre was a fairly common genre in medieval Arabic literature.^[2]

Travel literature became popular during the Song dynasty (960–1279) of medieval China.^[3] The genre was called 'travel record literature' (youji wenxue), and was often written in narrative, prose, essay and diary style.^[4] Travel literature authors such as Fan Chengda (1126–1193) and Xu Xiake (1587–1641) incorporated a wealth of geographical and topographical information into their writing, while the 'daytrip essay' Record of Stone Bell Mountain by the noted poet and statesman Su Shi (1037–1101) presented a philosophical and moral argument as its central purpose.^[5]

One of the earliest known records of taking pleasure in travel, of travelling for the sake of travel and writing about it, is Petrarch's (1304–1374) ascent of Mount Ventoux in 1336. He states that he went to the mountaintop for the pleasure of seeing the top of the famous height. His companions who stayed at the bottom he called frigida incuriositas ('a cold lack of curiosity'). He then wrote about his climb, making allegorical comparisons between climbing the mountain and his own moral progress in life.

Michault Taillevent, a poet for the Duke of Burgundy, travelled through the Jura Mountains in 1430 and recorded his personal reflections, his horrified reaction to the sheer rock faces, and the terrifying thunderous cascades of mountain streams.^[6]Antoine de la Sale (c. 1388–c. 1462), author of Petit Jehan de Saintre, climbed to the crater of a volcano in the Lipari Islands in 1407, leaving us with his impressions. 'Councils of mad youth' were his stated reasons for going. In the mid-15th century, Gilles le Bouvier, in his Livre de la description des pays, gave us his reason to travel and write:

Because many people of diverse nations and countries delight and take pleasure, as I have done in times past, in seeing the world and things therein, and also because many wish to know without going there, and others wish to see, go, and travel, I have begun this little book.

In 1589, Richard Hakluyt (c. 1552–1616) published Voyages, a foundational text of the travel literature genre.

In the 18th Century, travel literature was commonly known as the book of travels, which mainly consisted of maritime diaries.^[7] In 18th century Britain, almost every famous writer worked in the travel literature form.^[8]Captain James Cook's diaries (1784) were the equivalent of today's best sellers^[9]Alexander von Humboldt's Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of America, during the years 1799–1804, originally published in French, was translated to multiple languages and influenced later naturalists, including Charles Darwin.

Other later examples of travel literature include accounts of the Grand Tour. Aristocrats, clergy, and others with money and leisure time travelled Europe to learn about the art and architecture of its past. One tourism literature pioneer was Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–1894), with An Inland Voyage (1878), and Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes (1879) about his travels in the Cévennes, (France), is among the first popular books to present hiking and camping as recreational activities, and tells of commissioning one of the first sleeping bags.^{[10][11][12][13]}

Travel books[edit]

Travel books come in styles ranging from the documentary, to the literary, as well as the journalistic, and from memoir to the humorous to the serious. They are often associated with tourism and include guide books^[14]. Travel writing may be found on web sites, in periodicals, on blogs and in books. It has been produced by a variety of writers, including travelers, military officers, missionaries, explorers, scientists, pilgrims, social and physical scientists, educators, and migrants. Englishmen Eric Newby,^[15], H. V. Morton, the Americans Bill Bryson and Paul Theroux, and Welsh author Jan Morris are or were widely acclaimed as travel writers (though Morris has frequently claimed herself as a writer of 'place' rather than travel per se).^{[citation needed]} Bill Bryson in 2011 won the Golden Eagle Award from the Outdoor Writers and Photographers Guild.^[16] On 22 November 2012, Durham University officially renamed the Main Library the Bill Bryson Library for his contributions as the university's 11th chancellor (2005–11).^[17][18] Paul Theroux was awarded the 1981 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for his novel The Mosquito Coast, which was adapted for the 1986 movie of the same name. He was also awarded in 1989 the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award for Riding the Iron Rooster. In 2005, Jan Morris was awarded the Golden PEN Award by English PEN for 'a Lifetime's Distinguished Service to Literature'.^[19][20]

Travel literature often intersects with essay writing, as in V. S. Naipaul's India: A Wounded Civilization (1976), whose trip became the occasion for extended observations on a nation and people. This is similarly the case in Rebecca West's work on Yugoslavia, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon (1941).^[21]

Sometimes a writer will settle into a locality for an extended period, absorbing a sense of place while continuing to observe with a travel writer's sensibility. Examples of such writings include Lawrence Durrell's Bitter Lemons (1957), Deborah Tall's The Island of the White Cow: Memories of an Irish Island (1986),^[22] and Peter Mayle's best-selling A Year in Provence (1989) and its sequels.

Travel and nature writing merge in many of the works by Sally Carrighar, Gerald Durrell and Ivan T. Sanderson. Sally Carrighar's works include One Day at Teton Marsh (1965), Home to the Wilderness (1973), and Wild Heritage (1965). Gerald Durrell's My Family and Other Animals (1956) is an autobiographical work by the British naturalist. It tells of the years that he lived as a child with his siblings and widowed mother on the Greek island of Corfu between 1935 and 1939. It describes the life of the Durrell family in a humorous manner, and explores the fauna of the island. It is the first and most well-known of Durrell's 'Corfu trilogy', together with Birds, Beasts, and Relatives and The Garden of the Gods (1978). Ivan T. Sanderson published Animal Treasure, a report of an expedition to the jungles of then-British West Africa; Caribbean Treasure, an account of an expedition to Trinidad, Haiti, and Surinam, begun in late 1936 and ending in late 1938; and Living Treasure, an account of an expedition to Jamaica, British Honduras (now Belize) and the Yucatán. These authors are naturalists, who write in support of their fields of study. Another naturalist, Charles Darwin, wrote his famous account of the journey of HMS Beagle at the intersection of science, natural history and travel.^[23]

A number of writers famous in other fields have written about their travel experiences. Examples are Samuel Johnson's A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland (1775); Charles Dickens' American Notes for General Circulation (1842); Mary Wollstonecraft's Letters Written during a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark (1796); Hilaire Belloc's The Path To Rome (1902); D. H. Lawrence's Twilight in Italy and Other Essays (1916); Mornings in Mexico and Other Essays (1927); Rebecca West's Black Lamb and Grey Falcon (1941); and John Steinbeck's Travels with Charley: In Search of America (1962).^[24]

Adventure literature[edit]

In the world of sailing Joshua Slocum's Sailing Alone Around the World (1900) is a classic of outdoor adventure literature.^[25] In April 1895, Joshua Slocum set sail from Boston, Massachusetts and in Sailing Alone Around the World,^[26] he described his departure in the following manner:

I had resolved on a voyage around the world, and as the wind on the morning of April 24, 1895 was fair, at noon I weighed anchor, set sail, and filled away from Boston, where the Spray had been moored snugly all winter. .. A thrilling pulse beat high in me. My step was light on deck in the crisp air. I felt there could be no turning back, and that I was engaging in an adventure the meaning of which I thoroughly understood.

More than three years later, on June 27, 1898, Slocum returned to Newport, Rhode Island, having circumnavigated the world.

Guide books[edit]

A guide book or travel guide is 'a book of information about a place, designed for the use of visitors or tourists'.^[27] An early example is Thomas West's guide to the Lake District, published in 1778.^[28]Thomas West, an English priest, popularized the idea of walking for pleasure in his guide to the Lake District of 1778. In the introduction he wrote that he aimed:

to encourage the taste of visiting the lakes by furnishing the traveller with a Guide; and for that purpose, the writer has here collected and laid before him, all the select stations and points of view, noticed by those authors who have last made the tour of the lakes, verified by his own repeated observations.^[29]

To this end he included various 'stations' or viewpoints around the lakes, from which tourists would be encouraged to appreciate the views in terms of their aesthetic qualities.^[30] Published in 1778 the book was a major success.^[31]

It will usually include full details relating to accommodation, restaurants, transportation, and activities. Maps of varying detail and historical and cultural information are also often included. Different kinds of guide books exist, focusing on different aspects of travel, from adventure travel to relaxation, or aimed at travelers with different incomes, or focusing on sexual orientation or types of diet. Travel guides can also take the form of travel websites.

Travel journals[edit]

A travel journal, also called road journal, is a record made by a traveller, sometimes in diary form, of the traveler's experiences, written during the course of the journey and later edited for publication. This is a long-established literary format; an early example is the writing of Pausanias (2nd century AD) who produced his Description of Greece based on his own observations. James Boswell published his The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides in 1786 and Goethe published his Italian Journey, based on diaries, in 1816. Fannie Calderón de la Barca, the Scottish-born wife of the Spanish ambassador to Mexico 1839–1842, wrote Life in Mexico, an important travel narrative of her time there, with many observations of local life. A British traveller, Mrs Alec Tweedie, published a number of travelogues, ranging from Denmark (1895) and Finland (1897), to the U.S. (1913), several on Mexico (1901, 1906, 1917), and one on Russia, Siberia, and China (1926). A more recent example is Che Guevara's The Motorcycle Diaries. A travelogue is a film, book written up from a travel diary, or illustrated talk describing the experiences of and places visited by traveller.^[32] American writer Paul Theroux has published many works of travel literature, the first success being The Great Railway Bazaar. Anglo-American Bill Bryson is known for A Walk in the Woods, made into a Hollywood film of the same name.^[33]

Slave travel narratives[edit]

The writings of escaped slaves of their experience under slavery and their escape from it is a type of travel literature that developed during the 18th and 19th centuries, detailing how slaves escaped the restrictive laws of the southern United States and the Caribbean to find freedom. As John Cox says in Traveling South, 'travel was a necessary prelude to the publication of a narrative by a slave, for slavery could not be simultaneously experienced and written.'^[34]

A particularly famous slave travel narrative is Frederick Douglass' autobiographical Narrative, which is deeply intertwined with his travel experiences, beginning with his travels being entirely at the command of his masters and ending with him traveling when and where he wishes.^[35]Solomon Northup'sTwelve Years a Slave is a more traditional travel narrative, and he too overcomes the restrictions of law and tradition in the south to escape after he is kidnapped and enslaved.^[36]Harriet Jacobs'Incidents includes significant travel that covers a small distance, as she escapes one living situation for a slightly better one, but also later includes her escape from slavery to freedom in the north.^[37]

Fiction[edit]

Some fictional travel stories are related to travel literature. Although it may be desirable in some contexts to distinguish fictional from non-fictional works, such distinctions have proved notoriously difficult to make in practice, as in the famous instance of the travel writings of Marco Polo or John Mandeville. Examples of fictional works of travel literature based on actual journeys are:

• Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness (1899), which has its origin in an actual voyage Conrad made up the River Congo^[38]
• Jack Kerouac's On the Road (1957) and The Dharma Bums (1958) are fictionalized accounts of his travels across the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s
• Travel writer Kira Salak's novel, The White Mary (2008), a contemporary example of a real-life journey transformed into a work of fiction, which takes place in Papua New Guinea and the Congo.^[39][40][41]

Travel blogs[edit]

In the 21st century, travel literature became a genre of social media in the form of travel blogs, with travel bloggers using outlets like personal blogs, Pinterest, Twitter, Facebook and Instagram to convey information about their adventures, and provide advice for navigating particular countries, or for traveling generally.^[42] Travel blogs were among the first instances of blogging, which began in the mid 1990s.^[42]. In 2018 the most popular self hosted blogging platform is WordPress, due to its ease of use^[43].

Scholarship[edit]

The systematic study of travel literature emerged as a field of scholarly inquiry in the mid-1990s, with its own conferences, organizations, journals, monographs, anthologies, and encyclopedias. Important, pre-1995 monographs are: Abroad (1980) by Paul Fussell, an exploration of British interwar travel writing as escapism; Gone Primitive: Modern Intellects, Savage Minds (1990) by Marianna Torgovnick, an inquiry into the primitivist presentations of foreign cultures; Haunted Journeys: Desire and Transgression in European Travel Writing (1991) by Dennis Porter, a close look at the psychological correlatives of travel; Discourses of Difference: An Analysis of Women's Travel Writing by Sara Mills, an inquiry into the intersection of gender and colonialism during the 19th century; Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation (1992), Mary Louise Pratt's influential study of Victorian travel writing's dissemination of a colonial mind-set; and Belated Travelers (1994), an analysis of colonial anxiety by Ali Behdad.^{[44][citation needed]}

Disrupting the assumptions of traditional travel writing, Amitav Ghosh's In an Antique Land^[45] may be regarded as an example of 'counter travel narrative', reversing the 'roles of traveller and local, viewing the present as contextualized by the colonial and precolonial past, and eschewing definitive authorial authority [in] a powerful rebuttal to the ideology of the traditional travel text.'^[46]

Travel awards[edit]

Prizes awarded annually for travel books have included the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award, which ran from 1980 to 2004, the Boardman Tasker Prize for Mountain Literature, and the Dolman Best Travel Book Award, which began in 2006. The North American Travel Journalists Association holds an annual awards competition honoring travel journalism in a multitude of categories, ranging across print and online media.^[47]

See also[edit]

• Travel documentary, a documentary film or television program that describes travel

References[edit]

1. ^Cuddon, J. A. (1999). The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. London: Penguin Books. p. 937.
2. ^El-Shihibi, Fathi A. (2006). Travel Genre in Arabic Literature: A Selective Literary and Historical Study (Originally presented as the author's thesis (Ph.D.--Boston University, 1998)). Boca Raton, Fla: Dissertation.com. ISBN1-58112-326-4.
3. ^Hargett 1985, p. 67.
4. ^Hargett 1985, pp. 67–93.
5. ^Hargett 1985, pp. 74–76.
6. ^Deschaux, Robert; Taillevent, Michault (1975). Un poète bourguignon du XVe siècle, Michault Taillevent: édition et étude. Librairie Droz. pp. 31–32.
7. ^Stolley 1992, p. 26.
8. ^Fussell 1963, p. 54.
9. ^Glyndwr Williams, Captain Cook's Voyages: 1768–1779. London: The Folio Society, 1997, p. xxxii.
10. ^Adkins, Barbara; Eryn Grant. 'Backpackers as a Community of Strangers: The Interaction Order of an Online Backpacker Notice Board'(PDF). Qualitative Sociology Review. 3 (2): 188–201. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
11. ^'Global Grasshopper Travels'. Archived from the original on October 22, 2016. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
12. ^Travel with a Donkey in the Cevennes (1879); Re the first sleeping bag in 1876 [1]
13. ^'The Inventor of Traveling – The First Backpacker in the World?'. Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
14. ^Traveller, Unknown. Exploring the world through the experience of an unknown traveller : City of London - First in Series.
15. ^Margalit Fox, 'Eric Newby, 86, Acclaimed British Travel Writer, Dies', The New York Times, 24 october 2006.
16. ^http://www.owpg.org.uk/2011/08/bill-bryson-wins-prestigious-golden-eagle-award/
17. ^'The Main Library is being renamed 'The Bill Bryson Library'!'. Durham University. 2012-09-25. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
18. ^'Bill Bryson Library renaming event, Tuesday 27 November 2012'. Durham University. 2012-11-22.
19. ^'Golden Pen Award, official website'. English PEN. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
20. ^Gillian Fenwick (2008). 'Chronology'. Traveling Genius: The Writing Life of Jan Morris. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. XX. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
21. ^West, Rebecca, intr. Geoff Dyer, (2006). Black Lamb and Grey Falcon: A Journey Through Yugoslavia. Edinburgh.
22. ^Bonnie Gross, 'White Cow` Absorbing Account Of Irish Island The Island Of The White Cow: Memories Of An Irish Island. By Deborah Tall'. March 2, 1986, News/Sun-Sentinel.
23. ^'Review of Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle between the Years 1826 and 1836 .. & Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the various Countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle ..'. The Quarterly Review. 65: 194–234. December 1839.
24. ^'Sorry, Charley', Bill Steigerwald, Reason, April 2011 'A Reality Check for Steinbeck and Charley', Charles McGrath, New York Times, April 3, 2011
25. ^Joshua Slocum Society: [2].
26. ^Slocum (1899), Sailing Alone Around the World
27. ^New Oxford American Dictionary
28. ^Thomas West, (1821) [1778]. A Guide to the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire. Kendal: W. Pennington.
29. ^West. A Guide to the Lakes. p. 2.
30. ^'Development of tourism in the Lake District National Park'. Lake District UK. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-27.CS1 maint: Unfit url (link)
31. ^'Understanding the National Park — Viewing Stations'. Lake District National Park Authority. Archived from the original on 2014-01-04. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
32. ^New Oxford American Dictionary.
33. ^McNary, Dave (April 8, 2015). ''99 Homes,' 'A Walk in the Woods' Set for September Releases'. variety.com. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
34. ^Cox, John D. 2005, p. 65
35. ^Cox, John D. 2005, pp. 66-67
36. ^Cox, John D. 2005, p. 68
37. ^Cox, John D. 2005, pp. 127-129
38. ^Conrad, Joseph & Zdzisław Najder (Editor) (1978). The Congo Diary and Other Uncollected Pieces.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
39. ^FinkelFinkel, Michael (August 2008). 'Kira Salek: The White Mary'. National Geographic Adventure. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
40. ^Trachtenberg, Jeffrey A. (26 July 2008). 'Imaginary Journey'. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
41. ^'The White Mary: A Novel'. Amazon.com. ISBN0805088474.Missing or empty url= (help)
42. ^ ^abF. Hanusch, E. Fürsich, Travel Journalism: Exploring Production, Impact and Culture (2014), p. 100-101.
43. ^'How to Choose the Best Blogging Platform in 2018 (Compared)'. WPBeginner. 2016-11-10. Retrieved 2018-08-23.
44. ^Behdad, Ali (1994). Belated travelers : orientalism in the age of colonial dissolution. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. ISBN0822314711. OCLC29468460.
45. ^Ghosh, Amitav (1994). In an antique land. New York. ISBN0679727833. OCLC29428387.
46. ^McParland, Liam (2017). 'Egypt, India, ideology: In an antique land as a rebuttal to the traditional travel text' – via VIUSpace.
47. ^Leon, Yanira. 'Competition Rules and Guidelines'. natja.memberclicks.net. Retrieved 2017-05-07.

Bibliography[edit]

• Adams, Percy G., ed. (1988). Travel Literature Through the Ages: An Anthology. New York and London: Garland. ISBN0-8240-8503-5.
• Adams, Percy G. (1983). Travel Literature and the Evolution of the Novel. Lexington: University press of Kentucky. ISBN0-8131-1492-6.
• Barclay, Jennifer and Logan, Amy (2010). AWOL: Tales for Travel-Inspired Minds: Random House of Canada. ISBN9780307368416.
• Batten, Charles Lynn (1978). Pleasurable Instruction: Form and Convention in Eighteenth-Century Travel Literature. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN978-0-520-03260-6. OCLC4419780.
• Chaney, Edward (1998). The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations Since the Renaissance. London: Frank Cass. ISBN978-0-7146-4577-3. OCLC38304358.
• Chatzipanagioti-Sangmeister, Julia (2006). Griechenland, Zypern, Balkan und Levante: eine kommentierte Bibliographie der Reiseliteratur des 18. Jahrhunderts (in German). Eutin: Lumpeter and Lasel. ISBN978-3-9810674-2-2. OCLC470750661.
• Cox, Edward Godfrey (1935). A Reference Guide To The Literature Of Travel. Including Voyages, Geographical Descriptions, Adventures, Shipwrecks and Expeditions. Seattle: University of Washington.Vol. 1
• Cox, John D. (2005). Traveling South: Travel Narratives and the Construction of American Identity. University of Georgia Press. p. 65. ISBN9780820330860.
• Diekmann, Anya and Hannam, Kevin (2010). Beyond Backpacker Tourism: Mobilities and Experiences: Channel View Publications. ISBN1845412060.
• Fussell, Paul (1963). 'Patrick Brydone: The Eighteenth-Century Traveler As Representative Man'. Literature As a Mode of Travel. New York: New York Public Library. pp. 53–67. OCLC83683507.
• Hargett, James M. (1985). 'Some Preliminary Remarks on the Travel Records of the Song Dynasty (960-1279)'. Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews. 7 (1/2): 67–93. doi:10.2307/495194. JSTOR495194.
• Speake, Jennifer (2003). Literature of Travel and Exploration: An Encyclopedia. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN1-57958-247-8. OCLC55631133.
• Stolley, Karen (1992). El lazarillo de ciegos caminantes: un itinerario crítico (in Spanish). Hanover, New Hampshire: Ediciones del Norte. ISBN978-0-910061-49-0. OCLC29205545.
• Batten, Charles Lynn (1978). Pleasurable Instruction: Form and Convention in Eighteenth-Century Travel Literature. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN978-0-520-03260-6. OCLC4419780.
• Chaney, Edward (1998). The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations Since the Renaissance. London: Frank Cass. ISBN978-0-7146-4577-3. OCLC38304358.
• Chatzipanagioti-Sangmeister, Julia (2006). Griechenland, Zypern, Balkan und Levante: eine kommentierte Bibliographie der Reiseliteratur des 18. Jahrhunderts (in German). Eutin: Lumpeter and Lasel. ISBN978-3-9810674-2-2. OCLC470750661.
• Cox, Edward Godfrey (1935–1949). A Reference Guide To The Literature Of Travel. Including Voyages, Geographical Descriptions, Adventures, Shipwrecks and Expeditions. 1–3. Seattle: University of Washington – via Hathi Trust.; also Vol. 1 via Internet Archive
• Fussell, Paul (1963). 'Patrick Brydone: The Eighteenth-Century Traveler As Representative Man'. Literature As a Mode of Travel. New York: New York Public Library. pp. 53–67. OCLC83683507.
• Hargett, James M. (1985). 'Some Preliminary Remarks on the Travel Records of the Song Dynasty (960-1279)'. Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews. 7 (1/2): 67–93. doi:10.2307/495194. JSTOR495194.
• William Thomas Lowndes (1869). 'Voyages and Travels'. In Henry G. Bohn (ed.). Bibliographer's Manual of English Literature. 5. London: Bell and Daldy.
• Speake, Jennifer (2003). Literature of Travel and Exploration: An Encyclopedia. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN1-57958-247-8. OCLC55631133.
• Stolley, Karen (1992). El lazarillo de ciegos caminantes: un itinerario crítico (in Spanish). Hanover, New Hampshire: Ediciones del Norte. ISBN978-0-910061-49-0. OCLC29205545.

Further reading[edit]

• 'Essay on travel literature'. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature (1907–1921).
• Bangs, Jeremy D. 'The Travels of Elkanah Watson' (McFarland & Company, 2015)
• Beautiful England (series of travel books from 1910 to 1950s)
• Lawless, Jill (2000). Wild East: Travels in the New Mongolia. ECW Press. ISBN1-55022-434-4
• *Picador Travel Classics
• Roy, Pinaki. 'Reflections on the Art of Producing Travelogues'. Images of Life: Creative and Other Forms of Writing. Ed. Mullick, S. Kolkata: The Book World, 2014 (ISBN978-93-81231-03-6). pp. 111–29.
• Salzani, Carlo & Tötösy de Zepetnek, Steven. 'Bibliography for Work in Travel Studies.' CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture (Library) (2010–).
• Thompson, Carl (2011). Travel Writing. Routledge. ISBN1136720804

External links[edit]

• American Journeys, collection of primary exploration accounts of the Americas.
• Historical British travel writers: an extensive open access library on the Vision of Britain site.
• 'The Literature of Travel, 1700–1900'. Bartleby.com.